Climate Change and Pakistan: What the Latest Research Shows

By Sana KhalilPublished On 05 Nov 2025

Climate change is no longer a distant threat; it is a pressing reality affecting nations worldwide, and Pakistan is no exception. Rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, and extreme weather events are already impacting agriculture, water resources, and public health in the country. Recent research sheds light on the severity of climate change in Pakistan and its far-reaching consequences.

Rising Temperatures and Heatwaves

Studies indicate that Pakistan is experiencing a significant rise in average temperatures. Heatwaves have become more frequent and intense, particularly in urban areas. Cities like Karachi, Lahore, and Multan are experiencing record-breaking temperatures during the summer months, which not only threaten human health but also reduce labor productivity and increase electricity demand for cooling purposes.

Floods and Water Management Challenges

Pakistan’s vulnerability to climate change is particularly evident in its susceptibility to floods. Monsoon rains are becoming more unpredictable, with sudden heavy downpours causing flash floods in some regions while other areas face droughts. Research highlights that glacial melt from the northern mountains contributes to river flows, thereby increasing the risk of devastating floods during the monsoon season. Effective water management strategies are now essential to mitigate these risks.

Impacts on Agriculture and Food Security

Agriculture, which is a cornerstone of Pakistan’s economy, is being significantly affected by climate change. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and prolonged droughts are reducing crop yields and increasing pest infestations. According to the latest studies, wheat, rice, and sugarcane production are particularly vulnerable. This threatens not only farmers’ livelihoods but also national food security, highlighting the urgent need for climate-resilient farming practices.

Public Health and Environmental Concerns

Climate change is also creating serious public health challenges. Rising temperatures and increased humidity contribute to the spread of vector-borne diseases such as dengue and malaria. Additionally, poor air quality, caused by pollution and dust storms, is worsening respiratory problems. Vulnerable populations, including children and the elderly, are disproportionately affected.

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies

Experts recommend a combination of mitigation and adaptation strategies to address climate change in Pakistan:

• Renewable Energy: Investing in solar, wind, and hydropower can reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
• Afforestation: Planting trees and restoring forests helps absorb carbon dioxide and reduces the risk of floods and soil erosion.
• Climate-Resilient Agriculture: Using drought-resistant crops, efficient irrigation systems, and modern farming techniques can improve productivity despite changing weather patterns.
• Early Warning Systems: Implementing effective disaster management and early warning systems can save lives during floods, heatwaves, and storms.

International Collaboration and Policy Action

Pakistan has recognized the urgent need for climate action at both national and international levels. The country’s climate policy focuses on reducing emissions, increasing renewable energy capacity, and enhancing disaster preparedness. Collaboration with global organizations and participation in climate agreements are essential to accessing the technology, funding, and expertise needed for effective adaptation and mitigation. For more detailed insights into Pakistan’s climate challenges, you can refer to 9 News HD.

Conclusion

The latest research clearly shows that climate change poses severe challenges for Pakistan, affecting temperatures, water resources, agriculture, and public health. Urgent action is needed to adapt to these changes and mitigate future risks. By implementing innovative solutions, promoting awareness, and strengthening policies, Pakistan can better navigate the challenges of climate change and safeguard the well-being of its people and natural resources